aspnetplex: November 2014

Nov 7, 2014

HTML tutorial-6 : Class, ID and < div > and < span > in HTML

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 11:58:00 AM Be the first to comment!

In this lesson we’ll learn about class and ID attributes, and two tags that are useful for structuring our HTML. If you haven’t followe...

HTML tutorial-5: Adding navigation to a simple HTML page

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 11:25:00 AM Be the first to comment!

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Qzsr-NGxzfrBnbU95TOull61UuqhwNpZDcDsY4t6Bi0F9C-Q2jXzZFpFtoTKoYCmQzBez4HnnGqbMBqKpOd-34GOIKm4NvcXjq9CZIQioDU9X5uPWbxocpDpTkhdVYJ2S2NTkl8m1cOA/s1600/index.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Qzsr-NGxzfrBnbU95TOull61UuqhwNpZDcDsY4t6Bi0F9C-Q2jXzZFpFtoTKoYCmQzBez4HnnGqbMBqKpOd-34GOIKm4NvcXjq9CZIQioDU9X5uPWbxocpDpTkhdVYJ2S2NTkl8m1cOA/s1600/index.jpg"></a></div>
In this lesson we’ll add navigation between our two simple HTML web pages.<br>
If you haven’t followed the lessons up to now then you should start from
 the beginning of the course. For this lesson you’ll want to have your 
“index.html” open in both Notepad and your browser so we can make 
changes to it and refresh the browser to see them, as usual.<br>
Our link at the top looks a little lost and alone. Most websites have 
more than one page, so let’s add an element that lets us navigate 
between multiple pages. In the process we’ll meet some more new tags, 
and even add our first CSS style.<br>
</div>

In this lesson we’ll add navigation between our two simple HTML web pages. If you haven’t followed the lessons up to now then you should...

HTML tutorial-4: Adding Links and Images in HTML page

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 11:22:00 AM Be the first to comment!

In this lesson we’ll learn some HTML tags that allow us to add links and images to our web pages. Do you remember how we created the ind...

HTML tutorial-3: Adding Text to our HTML page

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 11:16:00 AM Be the first to comment!

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In this lesson we’ll learn about some HTML tags that help us structure text in our web pages.<br />
If you haven’t followed the lessons up to now then you should start from
 the beginning of the course. For this lesson you’ll want to have your 
“index.html” open in both Notepad and your browser so we can make 
changes to it and refresh the browser to see them.<br />
<br />
It’s time to start making our page more interesting. Replace the text in your <body> tag with the following:<br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><body></span></span><br />
<div style="padding-left: 30px;">
<span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><section></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><h1>FOTC Website Tutorial</h1></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <div></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><h2>Making our first page</h2></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: #1f497d;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><p>It
 is possible to make websites using these extremely simple tools. This 
is great news as it means everyone can learn to make websites.</p></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> </div></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px;">
<span style="color: #7030a0;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"></section></span></span></div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"></body></span></span><br />
You will notice that I’ve <i>indented</i> the new tags. This means 
I’ve pressed the TAB key in notepad to leave a gap at the beginning of 
each tag. This makes it easy to tell which tags are <i>nested</i> (contained) within other tags. In this diagram I’ve marked the TAB indentations in<span style="color: #00b050;"> green</span>.<br />
<img alt="Adding Text to our HTML page" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4507" height="299" src="http://freeon.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/media/HTML-5-1.png" title="Adding Text to our HTML page" width="486" /><br />
When our web pages get more complex it’s VERY important to keep the 
HTML as readable as possible. For example, if I didn’t indent the HTML, 
look how messy it could get:<br />
<span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><body><section><h1>FOTC
 Website Tutorial</h1><div><h2>Making our first 
page</h2><p>It is possible to make websites using these 
extremely simple tools. This is great news as it means everyone can 
learn to make 
websites.</p></div></section></body></span></span><br />
This HTML is <b>exactly</b> the same as the previous example. See how much easier it is to read when we use indentation properly?<br />
You should get into the habit of using indentation to make your HTML 
readable. When you come back to make changes to your website – or if 
another developer needs to – you will thank yourself for putting in the 
time to make your website as clean as possible. Clean HTML is much 
easier to work with.<br />
Now it’s time to save our changes in Notepad and hit refresh (F5) in the browser. You should see this:<br />
<img alt="Adding Text to our HTML page" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4508" height="178" src="http://freeon.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/media/HTML-5-2.png" title="Adding Text to our HTML page" width="850" /><br />
Let’s look in more detail at what we have added.<br />
First we can see several new tags: <b><section>, <div>, <h1>, <h2> and <p></b><br />
<b>The <section> and <div> tags</b><br />
These tags are known as <i>grouping</i> elements, because they group related tags together inside them.<br />
They are very similar tags, but <section> is used to group 
related items together. If you want to create a section of your page 
that contains similar information then you should use a <section> 
tag. For example, a list of blog article titles would be one 
<section>, while the part of the page that contains the actual 
blog articles would be another <section>.<br />
Meanwhile, a <div> tag is used to group elements together that 
aren’t necessarily semantically related. Perhaps they are unrelated 
information that are kept in the same part of a page, or perhaps it’s a 
sub group of data that you want to group. The use of this tag will 
become more clear when we start styling our page using CSS.<br />
<b>The <h1> and <h2> tags</b><br />
These are known as ‘title’ or ‘heading’ tags. They specify different 
levels of heading on the page. The lower the number the more important 
the heading is. For example, <h1> may specify the main heading on 
your page, while <h2> may be used to specify the subtitles of the 
different parts of your page.<br />
As you can see, the headings are automatically displayed in bigger bolder text by the browser.<br />
It is possible to have heading tags for up to 6 different levels of 
heading, from <h1> as the biggest to <h6> as the smallest.<br />
<b>The < p> tag</b><br />
The <p> tag is short for a “paragraph” tag. As the name suggests, you use this tag when you have a paragraph of text.<br />
<b>Putting all this together</b><br />
We can now add some more text to our page, now that we understand the
 new tags we have used. Replace your <body> text with the 
following. Don’t forget to check your indentation!<br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"><body></span></span><br />
<div style="padding-left: 30px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <section></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <h1>FOTC Website Tutorial</h1></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <div></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <h2>Making our first page</h2></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;">
 <p>It is possible to make websites using these extremely simple 
tools. This is great news as it means everyone can learn to make 
websites.</p></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <p>For now we only have a simple page, but later we will make it more complex and interesting.</span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> </div></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <div></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <h2>What have we learned so far?</h2></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 90px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> <p>So far we have learned a few simple tags for placing text onto a page.</p></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 60px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> </div></span></span></div>
<div style="padding-left: 30px;">
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"> </section></span></span></div>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: 'Courier New', serif;"></body></span></span><br />
Now we have some more text to play with. You can see how the headings
 are displayed as headings and how the paragraphs automatically 
separate.<br />
<b>Can I make this look better with just HTML?</b><br />
Technically it is <i>possible</i> to style a page using pure HTML. 
You can add tags that make the text bold, or italic, or change the font 
or the colour. However, <b>this is a very bad idea</b>. As a result, I’m not even going to show you the tags that can do this as <b>you should never style your page using just HTML</b>.<br />
<b>Why can I not style a page using HTML?</b><br />
It’s best not to style a page using HTML for several reasons:<br />
<ol>
<li>Styling a page using HTML is very <b>limited</b>. You can’t make it look very good, however you try.</li>
<li>Styling a page using HTML is <b>a lot of work</b>. It takes way more effort to style using the HTML style tags.</li>
<li>Styling a page using HTML is <b>very difficult to change</b>. Once 
you start changing the layout and the look of your page in HTML it is 
very hard to go back and edit, especially once you add multiple pages to
 a site.</li>
</ol>
As a result, we have to be patient. Currently our pages look ugly, 
but that’s ok – we’re just using them to learn the basic HTML. Later in 
the course once we’ve mastered the simple HTML we will start using the 
power of CSS to make our pages look pretty!<br />
<ins class="adsbygoogle fotc-new-responsive" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1115372332628475" data-ad-slot="1477520298" data-adsbygoogle-status="done" style="display: inline-block; height: 200px; width: 640px;"><ins id="aswift_1_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 200px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 640px;"><ins id="aswift_1_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 200px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 640px;"></ins></ins></ins><br /></div>

In this lesson we’ll learn about some HTML tags that help us structure text in our web pages. If you haven’t followed the lessons up to ...

HTML tutorial-2: Creating our first HTML document

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 11:06:00 AM Be the first to comment!

In this lesson we will walk through creating an empty HTML document and learn about HTML document structure and some simple HTML tags F...

HTML tutorial-1: Introduction to HTML

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 10:49:00 AM Be the first to comment!

Before starting the tutorial on HTML (for new) First we have to know What does HTML stands for? It stands for " HyperText Marku...

A first look at NoSQL and MongoDB

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 01:03:00 AM 1 Comment

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What is NoSQL? As the name implies it's not SQL (Structured Query Language), a standard for databases to support the relational database model.NoSQL can be quite complicated, as it imposes a new way of thinking about storing data. It is fundamentally different from SQL, expect de-normalized and dupl</div>
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So today I decided to have a look at NoSQL. It’s not exactly new and actually I’m a bit late to jump on the NoSQL train, but so far I had no need for it (and actually I still don’t, but I had some time to spare and a blog to write). Since NoSQL can be quite complicated, as it imposes a new way of thinking about storing data, and I can’t possibly discuss everything there is to discuss, I’ll add some additional reading at the end of the article.<br>
</div></div>

What is NoSQL? As the name implies it's not SQL (Structured Query Language), a standard for databases to support the relational datab...

ASP.NET MVC interview questions with answers

Posted by Unknown at 11/07/2014 12:58:00 AM 1 Comment

Reading these MVC interview questions does not mean you will go and clear MVC interviews. The purpose of this article is to quickly brush ...

Uploading Image by File Browsing, Dragging & Dropping and Using Webcam in ASP.NET MVC

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 02:11:00 AM 1 Comment

In this article I am explaiing three ways to upload image from an ASP.NET MVC web application to server and accessing those back to disp...

Asp.Net Pagination Example

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 02:04:00 AM 1 Comment

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<div dir="ltr" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;" trbidi="on">
Pagination is the process of displaying a huge records by splitting them into different pages. This can be better explained by a example. Consider you have 10000 records in a table you want to show them to the end user when he requests. The very simple thing is to display all of them by fetching from database with a simple select * from <Table> query. OK fine you are done and your job is over. You have checked in the code and your Lead or some testing team person is verifying your features implementation. Suppose your Manager saw the application and the particular feature. Can you imagine what might be his reaction to that.<br>
</div></h1></div>

Pagination is the process of displaying a huge records by splitting them into different pages. This can be better explained by a example....

Difference Between ViewResult() and ActionResult() in MVC

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 01:54:00 AM Be the first to comment!

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In this article we have explained difference Between ViewResult() and ActionResult() in MVC.</div>
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So you have hit this blog note because you are confused about the difference between “ViewResult” and “ActionResult” and I hope that your confusion ends here.<br><br>So without wasting time let’s get the difference in one sentence:-<br><br><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“ActionResult is an abstract parent class from which ViewResult class has been derived”.</em><br>
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In this article we have explained difference Between ViewResult() and ActionResult() in MVC. So you have hit this blog note because ...

Select, Insert and Delete in MVC using WCF Services

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 01:49:00 AM Be the first to comment!

In this piece of code, I have consumed a WCF service in MVC web application which comprises one view, one controller and one model. Here, ...

Custom Helpers in Asp.net MVC4

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 01:45:00 AM Be the first to comment!

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This tip explaining how to create custom helpers in asp.net MVC4 step by step clearly. It will be very helpful for who want to learn asp.net MVC as beginners.</div>
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<b style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What are HTML Helpers in ASP.NET MVC?</b><br>
<br>
Html Helpers are nothing but way of rendering HTML on the view page in ASP.NET MVC. In other words simply it is just a method which returns you a string , and string is HTML.<br>
</div></div>

This tip explaining how to create custom helpers in asp.net MVC4 step by step clearly. It will be very helpful for who want to learn asp....

ASP.NET MVC Client Side Validation

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 01:36:00 AM Be the first to comment!

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This article explains how to implement client-side validation in an ASP.NET MVC application. The validation implemented using jQuery and jQuery validation plug-in (jquery.validate.min.js and jquery.validate.unobtrusive.min.js).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
In the server-side validation (<a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/710702/ASP-NET-MVC-Server-Side-Validation" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">ASP.NET MVC Server-Side Validation</a>),the page must be submitted via a postback to be validated on the server and if the model data is not valid then the server sends a response back to the client. With client-side validation, the input data is checked as soon as they are submitted, so there is no postback to the server and there is no page refresh.</div>
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This article explains how to implement client-side validation in an ASP.NET MVC application. The validation implemented using jQuery and j...

CRUD Operations Using Entity Framework 5.0 Code First Approach in MVC

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 01:32:00 AM Be the first to comment!

This article introduces the Entity Framework 5.0 Code First approach in MVC applications. We are developing an application for Publisher a...

CRUD Operations Using the Repository Pattern in MVC

Posted by Unknown at 11/06/2014 01:27:00 AM Be the first to comment!

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This article introduces the Repository pattern in MVC applications. We are developing an application for a Book entity on which we can perform Create, Read, Update, and Delete operations. To keep the article simple and to make it easy to understand the Repository pattern, we use a single book entity in the application.</div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
Overview of the Repository Pattern</h4>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
The Repository pattern is intended to create an abstraction layer between the data access layer and the business logic layer of an application. It is a data access pattern that prompts a more loosely coupled approach to data access. We create the data access logic in a separate class, or set of classes, called a repository, with the responsibility of persisting the application's business model.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
In this article we will implement a "One-per business model" approach to design a repository in which there is a repository class for each entity type. For the Book entity type we'll create a repository interface and a repository class. When we instantiate the repository in our controller, we'll use the interface so that the controller will accept a reference to any object that implements the repository interface. When the controller runs under a web server, it receives a repository that works with the Entity Framework.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
MVC controllers interact with repositories to load and persist an application business model. By taking advantage of dependency injection (DI), repositories can be injected into a controller's constructor. The following diagram shows the relationship between the repository and the Entity Framework data context, in which MVC controllers interact with the repository rather than directly with Entity Framework.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Repository working flow in MVC" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/repository.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.1: Repository Workflow in MVC</div>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #ff9900; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 200; margin: 20px 0px 11px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Our Roadmap towards Learning MVC with Entity Framework</h2>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/796540/Relationship-in-Entity-Framework-Using-Code-First" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Relationship in Entity Framework Using Code First Approach With Fluent API</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/801545/Code-First-Migrations-With-Entity-Framework" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Code First Migrations with Entity Framework</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/640302/CRUD-Operations-Using-Entity-Framework-Code-Fi" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">CRUD Operations Using Entity Framework 5.0 Code First Approach in MVC</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CRUD Operations Using the Repository Pattern in MVC</strong></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/814768/CRUD-Operations-Using-the-Generic-Repository-Patte" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">CRUD Operations Using the Generic Repository Pattern and Unit of Work in MVC</a></li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">CRUD Operations Using the Generic Repository Pattern and Inversion of Control (Ninject) in MVC</li>
</ul>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #ff9900; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 200; margin: 20px 0px 11px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
Overview of Entity Framework</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
The ADO.NET Entity Framework is an Object Relational Mapper (ORM) included with the .NET framework. It basically generates business objects and entities according to the database tables. It provides basic CRUD operations, easily managing relationships among entities with the ability to have an inheritance relationship among entities.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
When using EF, we interact with an entity model instead of the application's relational database model. This abstraction allows us to focus on business behavior and the relationships among entities. We use the Entity Framework data context to perform queries. When one of the CRUD operations is invoked, the Entity Framework will generate the necessary SQL to perform the operation.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Work with Data in Entity Framework</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
The ADO.NET Entity Framework allows developers to choose any one approach among three possible approaches: Database First, Model First and Code First.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Database First</strong>: It is a more data-centric design that is based on an existing database. The Entity Framework is able to generate a business model based on the tables and columns in a relational database. The information about our database structure (store schema), our data model (conceptual model), and the mapping among them is stored in XML in an .edmx file.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Database First Approach in EF" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/databaseFirst.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.2: Database First Approach in Entity Framework</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Model First</strong>: In this approach, we don't have an existing database and the Entity Framework offers a designer that can create a conceptual data model. It also uses an <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.edmx</em> file to store the model and mapping information. When the model has been created then the Entity Framework designer can generate the database schema that can be used to create the database.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Database First Approach in EF" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/modelFirts.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.3: Model First Approach in Entity Framework</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Code First</strong>: Whether you have an existing database or not, you can code your own classes and properties that correspond to tables and columns and use them with Entity Framework without an <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.edmx</em> file. In this approach Entity Framework does not leverage any kind of configuration file (<em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">.edmx</em> file) to store the database schema, because the mapping API uses these conventions to generate the database schema dynamically at runtime.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Database First Approach in EF" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/codefirst.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.4: Code First Approach in Entity Framework</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Currently, the Entity Framework Code First approach does not support mapping to Stored Procedures. The<code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ExecuteSqlCommand()</code> and <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">SqlQuery()</code> methods can be used to execute Stored Procedures.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
In this article we use the Code First approach of Entity Framework to develop a data access layer in an MVC application. The driving force behind the Code First approach is the ability to use POCO (Plain Old CLR Objects) classes. Code First uses a set of conventions to map POCO classes but that can be changed using code first data annotation:</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Primary Key is based on property name <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Id</code> or <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">ClassNameId</code>. In other words, suppose we have a Book entity that has property <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Id</code> or <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookId</code> that will be the primary key in the generated Books table.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Table names are defined using the pluralized form of the entity class name. In other words, suppose we have an entity Book and that entity would generate a table in the database, that table name will be Books.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The column names of the table are derived from the property names of the entity. Column names can be changed using Code First data annotation.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The default connection string matches the name of the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">DataContext</code> class.</li>
</ul>
<h4 style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
Code First Data Annotation</h4>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
The Entity Framework includes several data annotation attributes we can use to control how the framework handles mapping entities. Here we have a basic data annotation that will be used for the Book entity.</div>
<table class="ArticleTable" style="background-color: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><tbody style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><th style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Sr.No</th><th style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Property</th><th style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Description</th></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">1</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Table</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Used to define the table name to use for an entity.</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">2</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Column</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">The database table column name, ordinal position, and data type to map the property to</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">3</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Key</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">One or more properties used to uniquely identify an entity.</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">4</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Required</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Marks a property as being required (non-nullable).</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">5</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">MaxLength</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">The maximum length for the property (column).</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">6</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">MinLength</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">The minimum length for the property (column).</td></tr>
<tr style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">7</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">StringLength</td><td style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-style: solid; border-width: 0px 1px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 5px;">Define the minimum and maximum length of a field.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="background-color: white; color: #ff9900; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 30px; font-weight: 200; margin: 20px 0px 11px; padding: 0px 0px 10px;">
An MVC Application Using the Repository Pattern</h2>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We now have sufficient theory. Let's now start the real fun of implementing it in an MVC application. We create an MVC application (BookStore application) using Visual Studio 2010, MVC 4 and Entity Framework 5.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 1</strong>: From the Visual Studio Start Page, click "New Project"</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 2</strong>: Choose "MVC 4 Project Template"</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We get the New Project window in which we choose "MVC 4 Project Template" and provide an appropriate name to both the Project and Solution then click on the "Ok" button.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We then get another window to choose a MVC application template. We choose "Internet Application" from the templates and "Razor" as the view engine.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Create MVC Application Using Razor View Engine" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/project.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.5 : Create MVC Application Using Razor View Engine</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Click on "OK" and our default application is ready.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We are developing a MVC application using MVC 4 with Razor view engine so our default MVC internet application includes an EntityFramework reference so there is no need to add a reference or install a Nuget package for Entity Framework.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 3</strong>: Create Model</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We create a model for Book under the Models folder. This model is actually a class that uses an entity and entity set. We create the Book class under Models and implements Code First data annotation for database table that will be created by it.</div>
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<pre id="pre0" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;

<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">namespace</span> BookStore.Models
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span> Book
    {
        [Key]
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> Id { <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">get</span>; <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">set</span>; }
        [Required]
        [MaxLength(<span class="code-digit" style="border: 0px; color: navy; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">30</span>)]
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">string</span> Title { <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">get</span>; <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">set</span>; }
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">string</span> Authers { <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">get</span>; <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">set</span>; }
 
        [Column(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Year"</span>)]
        [Display(Name = <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Publish Year"</span>)]
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">string</span> publishYear { <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">get</span>; <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">set</span>; }
 
        [Column(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Price"</span>)]
        [Display(Name = <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Price"</span>)]
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">decimal</span> BasePrice { <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">get</span>; <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">set</span>; }
    }
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Our Book model is ready and now we proceed to the Data Context.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 4</strong>: Create Data Context class</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
The ADO.NET Entity Framework Code First data access approach requires us to create a data access context class that inherits from the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">DbContext</code> class. This class must contain properties for each of the entities in the domain model.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Here is an Entity Framework Code First data context that contains one entity, Book. We create this context class (<code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookContext</code>) under the new folder DAL. Below the definition of the data context class that has a constructor to pass a connection string that is defined in <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">web.config</em> file. By default the connection string name is the same name as the data context class but we can use a different name for the connection string so that all the data contexts can use a single connection string.</div>
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<pre id="pre1" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Data.Entity;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> BookStore.Models;
 
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">namespace</span> BookStore.DAL
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span> BookContext : DbContext
    {
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> BookContext()
            : <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">base</span>(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name=BookStoreConnectionString"</span>)
        {
        }
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> DbSet<book> Books { <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">get</span>; <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">set</span>; }
    }
}<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></</span><span class="code-leadattribute" style="border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">book</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
The connection string in the web.config file is:</div>
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<br /></div>
<pre id="pre2" lang="xml" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><</span><span class="code-leadattribute" style="border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">connectionStrings</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span>
  <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><</span><span class="code-leadattribute" style="border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">add</span> <span class="code-attribute" style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">name</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">="</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookStoreConnectionString"</span> <span class="code-attribute" style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">connectionString</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">="</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Data Source=sandeepss-PC;Initial 
    Catalog=BookStore;User ID=shekhawat; Password=******"</span> <span class="code-attribute" style="border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">providerName</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">="</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">System.Data.SqlClient"</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span>
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">/</span><span class="code-leadattribute" style="border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">connectionStrings</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 5</strong>: Create Repository</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
In the DAL folder create an <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IBookRepository</code> interface that has the filename <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IBookRepository.cs</em>. This interface code declares a typical set of CRUD methods, including two read methods; one that returns all Book entity sets, and one that finds a single Book entity by ID.</div>
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<br /></div>
<pre id="pre3" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Collections.Generic;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> BookStore.Models;
 
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">namespace</span> BookStore.DAL
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">interface</span> IBookRepository : IDisposable
    {
        IEnumerable<Book> GetBooks();
        Book GetBookByID(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> bookId);
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> InsertBook(Book book);
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> DeleteBook(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> bookID);
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> UpdateBook(Book book);
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> Save();
    }
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
In the DAL folder, create a class file named <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookRepository.cs</em>. The class file implements the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IBookRepository</code>interface and the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IBookRepository</code> inherits the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IDisposable</code> interface so the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">IDisposable</code> interface is indirectly implemented by the <code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookRespository</code> class. The database context is defined in a class variable, and the constructor expects the calling object to pass in an instance of the context. Here we are passing the<code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookContext</code> instance to the constructor.</div>
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<br /></div>
<pre id="pre4" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Collections.Generic;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Linq;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> BookStore.Models;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Data;
 
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">namespace</span> BookStore.DAL
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">class</span> BookRepository : IBookRepository
    {
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">private</span> BookContext _context;
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> BookRepository(BookContext bookContext)
        {
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span>._context = bookContext;
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> IEnumerable<book> GetBooks()
        {
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> _context.Books.ToList();
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> Book GetBookByID(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> id)
        {
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> _context.Books.Find(id);
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> InsertBook(Book book)
        {
            _context.Books.Add(book);
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> DeleteBook(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> bookID)
        {
            Book book = _context.Books.Find(bookID);
            _context.Books.Remove(book);
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> UpdateBook(Book book)
        {
            _context.Entry(book).State = EntityState.Modified;
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> Save()
        {
            _context.SaveChanges();
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">private</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">bool</span> disposed = <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">false</span>;
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">protected</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">virtual</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> Dispose(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">bool</span> disposing)
        {
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span> (!this.disposed)
            {
                <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span> (disposing)
                {
                    _context.Dispose();
                }
            }
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span>.disposed = <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">true</span>;
        }
 
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">void</span> Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">true</span>);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span>);
        }
    }
}<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></</span><span class="code-leadattribute" style="border: 0px; color: maroon; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">book</span><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">></span></pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 6</strong>: Create Controller and Views for CRUD operations.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now our model, data context and repository are ready, so now proceed to the Controller. So we create a controller (<code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookController</code>) for Book under the Controllers folder.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We need the following "<code style="border: 0px; color: #990000; font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 11pt; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</code>" in the controller to perform CRUD operations:</div>
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<img height="9" id="preimg5" preid="5" src="http://www.codeproject.com/images/minus.gif" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" width="9" /><span id="precollapse5" preid="5" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Collapse</span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> | </span><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/644605/CRUD-Operations-Using-the-Repository-Pattern-in-MV#" preid="5" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Copy Code</a></div>
<pre id="pre5" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Data;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Linq;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> System.Web.Mvc;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> BookStore.DAL;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">using</span> BookStore.Models;</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We create an instance of the Book repository interface in the Book Controller and initialize the book repository in the constructor of Book Controller (<em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BookController.cs</em>) as in the following:</div>
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<img height="9" id="preimg6" preid="6" src="http://www.codeproject.com/images/minus.gif" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" width="9" /><span id="precollapse6" preid="6" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Collapse</span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> | </span><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/644605/CRUD-Operations-Using-the-Repository-Pattern-in-MV#" preid="6" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Copy Code</a></div>
<pre id="pre6" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">private</span> IBookRepository _bookRepository;
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> BookController()
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">this</span>._bookRepository = <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</span> BookRepository(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</span> BookContext());
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We will use Scaffold templates to create a view for the CRUD operations. We use five scaffold templates, List, Create, Edit, Delete, and Details. So create a controller that has post and get action results depending on the operation.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Operation 1</strong>: Show List of All Books</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Create an action in the controller named Index. The Index action returns a list of books.</div>
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<img height="9" id="preimg7" preid="7" src="http://www.codeproject.com/images/minus.gif" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" width="9" /><span id="precollapse7" preid="7" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> Collapse</span><span style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> | </span><a href="http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/644605/CRUD-Operations-Using-the-Repository-Pattern-in-MV#" preid="7" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;">Copy Code</a></div>
<pre id="pre7" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult Index()
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">var</span> books = from book <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">in</span> _bookRepository.GetBooks()
    select book;
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(books);
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now we create a view. To create the view use the following procedure:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Compile the source code successfully</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Right-click on Action Method Index.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Name is already filled in so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Engine already selected Razor so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check the checkbox "Create a strongly-typed-view" because we are creating a strongly typed view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose the Model class "Book" so it can be bound with the view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose "List" from the Scaffold template so rapid development can be done and we get the view with the code for showing the list of Books.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check both checkboxes "Reference script libraries" and "Use a layout or master page".</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
These are the common steps to follow for each operation and the only change will be the Scaffold template. The following picture shows the Index view that has a List Scaffold template.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Add new view" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/newView.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.6 : Add new view</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Operation 2</strong>: Show Details of Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Create an action in the controller named Details. The Details action returns the details of the book.</div>
<div class="pre-action-link" id="premain8" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #005782; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;" width="100%">
<br /></div>
<pre id="pre8" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ViewResult Details(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> id)
{
   Book student = _bookRepository.GetBookByID(id);
   <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(student);
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now we create the view. To create the view use the following procedure:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Right-click on Action Method Details.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Name is already filled in so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Engine already selected Razor so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check the checkbox "Create a strongly-typed-view" because we are creating a strongly typed view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose the Model class "Book" so it can be bound with the view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose "Details" from the Scaffold template so we can do rapid development and we get the view with the code for showing the details of the book.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check both the checkboxes "Reference script libraries" and "Use a layout or master page".</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Operation 3</strong>: Create New Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Create two actions in the controller, one for the new book to create a view (Get Action) and another for submitting new book details to the repository (Post Action). These have the same name, Create.</div>
<div class="pre-action-link" id="premain9" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #005782; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;" width="100%">
<br /></div>
<pre id="pre9" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult Create()
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</span> Book());
} 
[HttpPost]
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult Create(Book book)
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">try</span>
    {
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span> (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            _bookRepository.InsertBook(book);
            _bookRepository.Save();
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> RedirectToAction(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Index"</span>);
        }
    }
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">catch</span> (DataException)
    {               
       ModelState.AddModelError(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span>, <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Unable to save changes. "</span> + 
         <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Try again, and if the problem persists see your system administrator."</span>);
    }
       <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(book);
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now we create a view. To create the view use the following procedure:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Right-click on the Action Method Create (GET).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Name is already filled in so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Engine already selected Razor so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check the checkbox "Create a strongly-typed-view" because we are creating a strongly typed view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose the Model class "Book" so it can be bound with the view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose "Create" from the Scaffold template so we can do rapid development and we get the view for creating the new book.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check both checkboxes "Reference script libraries" and "Use a layout or master page".</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Operation 4</strong>: Update Book Details</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Create two actions in the controller, one for an existing book edit view (Get Action) and another for submitting the updated book details to the repository (Post Action). These have the same name Create. The Get action fills in the book details on the form by the id of the book so we would pass the id to the action.</div>
<div class="pre-action-link" id="premain10" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #005782; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;" width="100%">
<br /></div>
<pre id="pre10" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult Edit(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> id)
{
    Book book = _bookRepository.GetBookByID(id);
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(book);
}  
[HttpPost]
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult Edit(Book book)
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">try</span>
    {
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span> (ModelState.IsValid)
        {
            _bookRepository.UpdateBook(book);
            _bookRepository.Save();
            <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> RedirectToAction(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Index"</span>);
        }
    }
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">catch</span> (DataException)
    {               
        ModelState.AddModelError(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span>, <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Unable to save changes. Try again, "</span> + 
          <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">and if the problem persists see your system administrator."</span>);
    }
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(book);
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now we create the view. To create the view use the following procedure:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Right-click on Action Method Edit (GET).</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Name is already filled in so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Engine already selected Razor so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check the checkbox "Create a strongly-typed-view" because we are creating a strongly typed view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose the Model class "Book" so it can be bound with the view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose "Edit" from the Scaffold template so we can do rapid development and we get the view for updating an existing book.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check both checkboxes "Reference script libraries" and "Use a layout or master page".</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Operation 5</strong>: Delete Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Create two actions in the controller, one to show the details of the book after clicking on the Delete link (Get Action) and another to Delete the book (Post Action). One Delete action but another overrides the Delete Action that overrides the DeleteConfirmed method. The Get action fills in book details on the form by the ID of the book then the Post action is performed on it.</div>
<div class="pre-action-link" id="premain11" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: #005782; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: right;" width="100%">
<br /></div>
<pre id="pre11" lang="cs" style="background-color: #fbedbb; border: 1px solid rgb(251, 237, 187); font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono; font-size: 9pt; font-stretch: normal; overflow: auto; padding: 6px; tab-size: 4; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult Delete(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> id, <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">bool</span>? saveChangesError)
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">if</span> (saveChangesError.GetValueOrDefault())
    {
        ViewBag.ErrorMessage = <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Unable to save changes. Try again, "</span> + 
          <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">and if the problem persists see your system administrator."</span>;
    }
    Book book = _bookRepository.GetBookByID(id);
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> View(book);
}
[HttpPost, ActionName(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Delete"</span>)]
<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">public</span> ActionResult DeleteConfirmed(<span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">int</span> id)
{
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">try</span>
    {
        Book book = _bookRepository.GetBookByID(id);
        _bookRepository.DeleteBook(id);
        _bookRepository.Save();
    }
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">catch</span> (DataException)
    {              
        <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> RedirectToAction(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Delete"</span>,
           <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">new</span> System.Web.Routing.RouteValueDictionary {
        { <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">id"</span>, id },
        { <span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">saveChangesError"</span>, <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">true</span> } });
    }
    <span class="code-keyword" style="border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">return</span> RedirectToAction(<span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">"</span><span class="code-string" style="border: 0px; color: purple; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Index"</span>);
}</pre>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now we create the view. To create the view use the following procedure:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px;">
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Right-click on Action Method Delete.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Name is already filled in so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The View Engine already selected Razor so don't change it.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check the checkbox "Create a strongly-typed-view" because we are creating a strongly typed view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose the Model class "Book" so it can be bound with the view.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Choose "Delete" from the Scaffold template so we can do rapid development and we get the view of the delete for the existing book.</li>
<li style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Check both checkboxes "Reference script libraries" and "Use a layout or master page".</li>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now the view and action are ready to perform CRUD operations</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="View Structure" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/view-structure.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.7: Book CURD Operations View</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Step 7</strong>: Run the application</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Call the Book controller <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">http://localhost:4736/Book</em> from the browser and we get the default empty list of books.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Index View" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/index-crud.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.8: Index View of Application</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Check that our database is created by the data context when the application calls the book entity.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Database structure" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/db-structure.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.9: Database Created by Application</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Create new books.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Create Book View" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/create-book.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.10: Create Book View</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Click on the "Create" button and a new book is created.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="List of Books" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/book-list.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.11: List of Books View</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now click on the "Edit" link button of a row and show the book details in edited form.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Edit View for Book" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/book-edit.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.12 : Edit View for Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Click on the "Save" button and see the updated book list.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Updated Lists of Books" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/update-book.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.13 : Updated Lists of Books</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Now click on the "Details" button and we get the details of the book.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Detail of Book" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/book-details.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.14 : Detail of Book</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Click on Back to List and click on the Delete link button and we get the delete confirmation window.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<img alt="Book Delete View" src="http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/644605/book-delete.jpg" style="border: 0px; height: auto; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div class="Caption" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Figure 1.15 :Book Delete View</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
Click on the Delete button and the book is deleted.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: 'Segoe UI', Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
We perform all CRUD operations successfully.</div>
</div>

This article introduces the Repository pattern in MVC applications. We are developing an application for a Book entity on which we can per...

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